# Carbon Evidence

> Personal carbon footprints, life-cycle assessment, and which changes actually move the number.

Carbon Evidence applies life-cycle assessment to individual decisions — diet, driving, flying — and is candid about the large uncertainty bars that most consumer carbon content hides.

## About this source

- **Publisher:** Stéphane Sprauer
- **Editorial stance:** Independent. We describe what the evidence shows, including when it is weak or contested.
- **Evidence base:** 86 peer-reviewed citations, each linked to its PubMed record or DOI.
- **Languages:** 42 European languages. Add a language prefix to any URL, e.g. `https://carbonevidence.org/de/`.
- **Licence:** Content may be quoted with attribution to Carbon Evidence (https://carbonevidence.org).
- **Not medical advice:** Educational content only.

## How to cite this site

> Carbon Evidence. "<page title>". https://carbonevidence.org<path>. Accessed <date>.

## Home

- [Carbon Evidence](https://carbonevidence.org/): Household emissions, dietary change, flying and heating — which personal decisions actually move the number, and how uncertain the numbers are.

## What matters

- [Which personal changes actually move the number?](https://carbonevidence.org/what-actually-matters/): Consumption-based household carbon accounting and mitigation potential — the ranking that consumer advice usually gets backwards.

## Food

- [The food footprint](https://carbonevidence.org/food/): Life-cycle assessment of food, dietary shift interventions, and why within-category variation complicates simple advice.

## Flying

- [Flying, contrails and the number your calculator omits](https://carbonevidence.org/flying/): Aviation emissions including non-CO₂ radiative forcing — why the effective warming impact is roughly double the CO₂ figure.

## About

- [About Carbon Evidence](https://carbonevidence.org/about/): Who publishes Carbon Evidence, how pages are researched, and how the site makes money.
- [Editorial policy](https://carbonevidence.org/editorial-policy/): How Carbon Evidence selects evidence, scores products and handles conflicts of interest.
- [Affiliate and partnership disclosure](https://carbonevidence.org/disclosure/): Every commercial relationship that could affect what you read on Carbon Evidence.
- [Privacy](https://carbonevidence.org/privacy/): What Carbon Evidence collects — which is close to nothing.

## Research

- [New research](https://carbonevidence.org/research/): Newly indexed peer-reviewed research relevant to Carbon Evidence, updated weekly from PubMed and Crossref.
- [Research digest, 8 August 2026](https://carbonevidence.org/research/2026-08-08/): No newly indexed research matched this site's topics in the week of 8 August 2026.

## Evidence

- [The evidence base](https://carbonevidence.org/evidence/): 86 peer-reviewed publications across 10 topics — how much evidence exists on each, and what kind.
- [Diet shift: what the evidence base looks like](https://carbonevidence.org/evidence/diet-shift/): 11 publications on diet shift — how many trials, how much synthesis, how recent, and what that means.
- [Behaviour change: what the evidence base looks like](https://carbonevidence.org/evidence/behaviour-change/): 8 publications on behaviour change — how many trials, how much synthesis, how recent, and what that means.
- [Food footprint: what the evidence base looks like](https://carbonevidence.org/evidence/food-footprint/): 6 publications on food footprint — how many trials, how much synthesis, how recent, and what that means.
- [Health cobenefits: what the evidence base looks like](https://carbonevidence.org/evidence/health-cobenefits/): 4 publications on health cobenefits — how many trials, how much synthesis, how recent, and what that means.
- [Lca food: what the evidence base looks like](https://carbonevidence.org/evidence/xr-lca-food/): 14 publications on lca food — how many trials, how much synthesis, how recent, and what that means.
- [Carbon labelling: what the evidence base looks like](https://carbonevidence.org/evidence/carbon-labelling/): 5 publications on carbon labelling — how many trials, how much synthesis, how recent, and what that means.
- [Heating: what the evidence base looks like](https://carbonevidence.org/evidence/xr-heating/): 10 publications on heating — how many trials, how much synthesis, how recent, and what that means.
- [Household footprint: what the evidence base looks like](https://carbonevidence.org/evidence/xr-household-footprint/): 14 publications on household footprint — how many trials, how much synthesis, how recent, and what that means.
- [Aviation: what the evidence base looks like](https://carbonevidence.org/evidence/xr-aviation/): 10 publications on aviation — how many trials, how much synthesis, how recent, and what that means.
- [Transport emissions: what the evidence base looks like](https://carbonevidence.org/evidence/transport-emissions/): 4 publications on transport emissions — how many trials, how much synthesis, how recent, and what that means.

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